Head and Neck Surgery

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What is Head and Neck Surgery?

Head and neck surgery refers to surgical procedures performed to treat disorders, tumors, or abnormalities in the head and neck region, including the throat, larynx (voice box), nasal cavity, sinuses, mouth, salivary glands, and thyroid gland. This specialized field is often handled by otolaryngologists (ENT specialists) and head and neck surgeons.

How to diagnose Head and Neck problems? When to consult a doctor for Head and neck surgery?

Diagnosis of head and neck conditions typically involves several steps:

  • Physical Examination: The doctor will examine the head and neck area, including the throat, mouth, nose, and lymph nodes.
  • Endoscopy: A small, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the nose or throat to get a closer look at potential abnormalities in the airway or digestive tract.
  • Biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken from any suspicious lump or mass and analyzed for cancer or other diseases.

You should consult a doctor if:

  • Persistent Lumps: Any lump in the neck or throat that doesn’t go away in 2-3 weeks.
  • Chronic Pain: Ongoing throat pain, earaches, or headaches not related to infections.
  • Voice Changes: Hoarseness or voice changes lasting more than two weeks.
  • Difficulty Swallowing or Breathing: If you have trouble swallowing, or if breathing becomes difficult due to an obstruction.
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Causes
  • Head and Neck Cancer
  • Thyroid Disorders
  • Trauma
  • Benign Tumors
  • Chronic Infections
  • Sleep Apnea
Symptoms
  • Lumps or Masses
  • Difficulty Swallowing
  • Persistent Sore Throat or Ear Pain
  • Breathing Difficulty
Frequently Asked Questions

Recovery times vary depending on the type and complexity of the surgery:

  • Minor procedures (like tonsillectomy or sinus surgery): Recovery might take 1–2 weeks.
  • Major surgeries (like thyroidectomy, cancer surgery): Recovery can take several weeks to months, with possible rehabilitation required.

The prognosis depends on the condition being treated. For cancers, early detection and treatment often lead to better outcomes. Your surgeon can provide more specific information based on your diagnosis.

Minimally invasive techniques, such as endoscopic or robotic surgery, are used to reduce recovery time, minimize scarring, and reduce risks. These procedures often involve smaller incisions and can be used for sinus surgery, some cancer treatments, and thyroid procedures.