Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

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What is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)?

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove large or complex kidney stones that cannot be passed naturally or treated effectively with less invasive methods like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or ureteroscopy. The procedure involves making a small incision in the back and using a nephroscope (a thin, tube-like instrument) to directly access the kidney and remove the stones.

How to diagnose Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)? When to consult a doctor?

The diagnosis of the need for PCNL typically involves the following steps: Medical History and Symptoms, Physical Examination, Imaging Tests & Urine and Blood Tests.

You should consult a doctor if:

  • Severe Pain: Intense pain in the lower back, abdomen, or groin that doesn’t subside or comes in waves (renal colic).
  • Blood in Urine (Hematuria): If you notice pink, red, or brown discoloration in your urine, it could indicate a stone causing irritation or damage.
  • Frequent or Painful Urination: If you have difficulty urinating, frequent urination, or a burning sensation, it may indicate a urinary tract obstruction.
  • Recurrent UTIs: Kidney stones can lead to frequent infections, which may require medical attention.
  • Fever and Chills: These could be signs of an infection in the kidney or urinary tract, particularly if they accompany other symptoms of kidney stones.
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Causes
  • Dehydration
  • Diet
  • Obesity
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Symptoms
  • Severe Pain
  • Blood in Urine (Hematuria)
  • Frequent or Painful Urination
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Fever and Chills
  • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Frequently Asked Questions

Most patients can resume normal activities within a few weeks, though the device is not activated until about 4 to 6 weeks after surgery to allow for healing.

Risks may include infection, erosion of the device, mechanical failure, or urethral atrophy, though these complications are relatively rare.

While AUS can significantly reduce or eliminate incontinence symptoms, it may not be a permanent cure, and follow-up surgeries or adjustments may be required.